Article

Title: A preliminary review of NOAA's community-based dam removal and fish passage projects

Authors: Lenhart, C.F.

Journal: Coastal Management

Year: 2003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08920750390168318

Species or groups: River herring, American shad, Atlantic salmon, Alewife, Coho salmon

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2576

Abstract: Dams and other stream blockages prevent anadromous fish from accessing large areas of key habitat. The NOAA Community-Based Restorationg Program (CRP) supports habitat restoration projects, including 53 dam removal and fish passage projects from 1996 to 2002. This article provides a preliminary review of the biological benefits provided by the first 18 CRP dam removal and fish passage projects supported between 1996 and 1999. These 18 projects improved access to over 160 km of river habitat for many anadromous fish species, especially river herring (Alosa spp.) on the east coast and salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) on the west coast. While fish ladders provide targeted fish species access to key habitat areas, dam removal can imporve the health of entire stream ecosystems and provide fish passage to fish species unable to utilize ladders. The CRP complements exisiting federal regulatory programs by providing a cooperative process at the local level that can restore habitats efficiently and effectively while encourage long-term stewardship.

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Title: Developing a toolkit for fish passage, ecological flow management and fish habitat works

Authors: Katopodis, C.

Journal: Journal of Hydraulic Research

Year: 2005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221680509500144

Species or groups: Atlantic salmon, Arctic grayling, American shad, sea lamprey, CChinook salmon, Steelhead, Longnose sucker, Northern pike

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: Fish passage, including fishways and fish screens, ecological flow management for open or ice-covered waters and fish habitat works, such as stream rehabilitation, habitat replacement, erosion and sediment management, are the subject of increased interest worldwide. Research and development in these areas, establishing a foundation of sound science and innovative engineering, has intensified, as a result of widespread recognition of the importance of sustainable and environmentally acceptable use of water resources. Scientific and engineering studies, along with technological advancements have allowed the development of a range of methods and tools for assessing the feasibility of and for providing guidance in seeking effective solutions. Methods and tools range from fairly simple to fairly sophisticated, from long-life rigid structures to adjustable ones, and solutions that are applicable at a variety of projects, scales, site conditions, fish species, aquatic biota, data sources and economic circumstances. A set of tools and methods is presented, which together form a toolkit under development. Each tool is at a different stage of advancement and the process of development is outlined. The toolkit includes analytical methods for relating fish migration timing to hydrographs, ways of attracting and guiding fish to fishways, analysis of fishway hydraulics and fish passage abilities, fish screen hydraulics and fish responses, nature-mimicking fish habitat structures, hydrodynamic and habitat simulation, and the initial stages of considering sediment and ice processes. Suggestions are made for further research and development in these interdisciplinary areas, which challenge interested researchers to focus their individual studies on fish passage, habitat and ecological issues and improve available tools.

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Title: Making the case for ecosystem restoration by dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington

Authors: Winter, B.D., & Crain, P.

Journal: Northwest Science

Year: 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3955/0029-344X-82.S.I.13

Species or groups: Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, Steelhead, Sockeye salmon

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: The decision to remove the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams on the Elwha River, Washington was preceded by the collection of substantial amounts of biological and physical data. Studies were conducted to identify existing water quality within the reservoirs and river, fish populations and habitat availability, fish passage mortality through the dams and reservoirs, effects of the hydropower projects on wildlife habitat, and economics. Although this information was generally specific to the federal hydropower licensing process, it provides valuable information on baseline, or with-project, conditions that may allow for comparisons to the post-project river.

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Title: A fish-eye view of riverine hydropower systems: the current understanding of the biological response to turbine passage

Authors: Pracheil, B.M., DeRolph, C.R., Schramm, M.P., & Bevelhimer, M.S.

Journal: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries

Year: 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9416-8

Species or groups: River lamprey, American Eel, Kokanee, Chinook Salmon, Atlantic Salmon, Sea Lamprey, Blueback herring, Alewife, American shad, Atlantic herring, Hake, Atlantic silverside, Blackspotted stickleback, Northern pipefish, Butterfish, Winter flounder, Windowpane, European eel, Lost River suckers, Shortnose suckers, Common bream, Tubenose goby, Pikeperch, Bleak, Ide, Roach, Perch, Ruffle, Asp, Silver bream, Chub, Dace, Salmonids, Bull trout, Burbot, Lake Sturgeon, Paddlefish, Rainbow Trout Walleye, Brown trout, Longnose sucker, White sucker, Mountain whitefish, Yellow Perch, Common carp, Steelhead, Chinook salmon, Bluegill, Western brook lamprey, Pacific lamprey, Red snapper, Largemouth bass, Rockfish, Bocaccio, Treefish, Sauger, Curimata-pioa, Plau-tres-pintas, Lambari, Cascudo, Australian bass, West Australiand hufish, Atlantic silverside, Rock bass, Crappie, Clupeid, Lumpfish, Gold/common shiner, Grass pickerel, Spottail shiner, Fathead minnow, Northern pike, Blackspotted stickleback, Channel catfish, Fourbeard rockling, Soft ray, Smooth flounder, Coho salmon, Sockeye salmon, Brook trout, Sea trout, Atlantic mackerel

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: One-way connectivity maintained by fish passing through hydropower turbines in fragmented rivers can be important to population dynamics, but can also introduce a new and significant source of mortality. Sources of mortality during turbine passage can come from several sources including blade strike, shear forces, cavitation, or pressure decreases and parsing the contributions of these individual forces is important for advancing and deploying turbines that minimize these impacts to fishes.Weused a national hydropower database and conducted a systematic review of the literature to accomplish three goals: (1) report on the spatial distribution of turbine types and generation capacities in the USA, (2) determine fish mortality rates among turbine types and fish species and (3) examine relationships between physical forces similar to those encountered during fish turbine passage and fish injury and mortality. We found that while Francis turbines generate 56 %of all US hydropower and have the highest associated fish mortality of any turbine type, these turbines are proportionally understudied compared to less-common and less injury-associated Kaplan turbines, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. While juvenile salmonid species in actual or simulated Kaplan turbine conditions were the most commonly studied, the highest mortality rates were reported from percid fishes passing through Francis turbines. Future studies should focus on understanding which species are most at-risk to turbine passage injury and mortality and, subsequently, increasing the diversity of taxonomy and turbine types in evaluations of turbine injury and mortality.

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Title: A review of information related to fish passage through turbines: implications to tidal power schemes

Authors: Davies, J.K.

Journal: Journal of Fish Biology

Year: 1988

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05565.x

Species or groups: American shad, Atlantic salmon, Sockeye salmon, Rainbow trout, European eel, Atlantic herring, Coho salmon, Chinook salmon, Striped bass

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: Field and laboratory studies on the passage of adult and juvenile fish through hydroelectric turbines are reviewed, with special emphasis on tidal schemes in operation. Although the types of injury which fish incur and their frequency are well documented, little appears to be known about the specific hydraulic conditions within the turbine structure which actually cause the injury, despite the fact that the four main causes of fish loss (abrupt changes in pressure, water turbulence, shearing currents and mechanical contact with turbine blades) have been identified. Factors causing fish mortality fall into two main categories: (a) hydraulic conditions of pressure change, cavitation, shearing and turbulence, producing direct, characteristic injuries; (b) conditions influencing the likelihood of actual fish collision with turbine components. These factors can be enhanced or reduced by alterations in turbine operation and, possibly, design. The significance of fish behaviour and ecology with respect to prediction of numbers of fish passing through installations, plus criteria which govern actual mortality rates have yet to be elucidated.

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Title: A review of literature related to movements of adult salmon and steelhead past dams and through reservoirs in the Lower Snake Rive

Authors: Bjornn, T.C., & Peery, C.A.

Journal: NA

Year: 1992

DOI: NA

Species or groups: Chinook salmon, Steelhead, Sockeye salmon

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: A synthesis of published and unpublished literature on the upstream migration of adult salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, with particular reference to passage through reservoirs and over dams, was prepared as part of an evaluation of fish passage through the lower Snake River. Most of the information on adult migrations in the Snake and Columbia rivers was collected on chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead. The amount of flow, temperature and turbidity of the water, and partial barriers are natural factors that affect the rate of migration and survival of upstream migrants. Human-cuased alterations inf low, temperatures, and turbidities through the construction of dams and creation of reservoirs may be beneficial or detrimental to migrants, depending on the amount of change from natural and the fishes' ability to adapt. Dams and reservoirs placed in the migration path of adult salmon and steelhead usually create unique passage problems because the structures and discharges differ and the stocks of fish involved change from one section of the river to the next.

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Title: Addressing fish-passage issues at hydropower and irrigation infrastructure projects in Indonesia

Authors: Baumgartner, L.J., & Wibowow, A.

Journal: Marine and Freshwater Research

Year: 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18088

Species or groups: Salmonids, eels (Japanese, European and American, Mottled eel, Giant mottled eel, Indian shortfin, Highlands long-finned eel, Celebes longfin eel, Borneo eel), Blackhand paradise fish, Pangasius krempti, Goat catfish, Boeseman croaker

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: Development activities threaten the long-term sustainability of tropical floodplain systems. The construction of dams, weirs, irrigation infrastructure and regulators affect connectivity among habitats and can facilitate rapid declines in riverine biota, especially fish. Indonesia is a tropical island country with an abundance of monsoonal rivers. Massive expansions in hydropower and irrigation infrastructure are planned over the next two decades and mitigation measures will be needed to protect migratory fish. Most Indonesian freshwater fish need to migrate among habitats to complete essential life-history stages. So, strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the barrier effects of river infrastructure to ensure the long-term sustainability of river fishes. A common tool used worldwide is the construction of upstream and downstream fish passes. Only two fish passes exist in Indonesia. One at Perjaya Irrigation Dam on the Komering River (Sumatra island) and another on Poso Dam on the Poso River (Sulawesi island). Neither of these structures has been assessed and many other projects are proceeding without considering potential impacts on fisheries. The proposed infrastructure upgrades over the next two decades provide a once-in-a-generation opportunity to ensure that migratory fish are adequately protected into the future.

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Title: Advances in fish passage in the Great Lakes basin

Authors: Zielinksi, D.P., & Freiburger, C.

Journal: Journal of Great Lakes Research

Year: 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.03.008

Species or groups: Rainbow trout, Rainbow smelt, Longnose sucker, White sucker, Walleye, Smallmouth bass, Lake sturgeon, Northern pike, Channel catfish

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: Addressing the impact of dams and other water control structures on fish communities and aquatic ecosystems is a major concern for fisheries managers in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Although naturelike and technical fishways (i.e., vertical slot, pool and weir, Denil) and, when suitable, barrier removals have been implemented across the basin, these fish passage applications are vastly outnumbered by barriers to fish movement. Lowermost barriers are the first structure that blocks fish passage within a tributary; and, in the Laurentian Great Lakes, they present a unique situation where restricting access to upstream habitat is a major component of a half a century long strategy to control invasive sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. Solutions for passage at lowermost barriers must therefore consider alternative management actions surrounding increased connectivity and invasive species control. These actions are underlined by the primary management objective of enhancing production/diversity of native and recreationally desirable fishes. This review surveys the current state of fish passage technologies deployed in the Laurentian Great Lakes and other fish passage solutions under development, providing a reference for resource managers making decisions about barriers and fish passage that are critical for invasive species control and fishery restoration.

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Title: Developing fish passage and protection at hydropower dams

Authors: Schilt, C.R.

Journal: Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Year: 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.09.004

Species or groups: Pacific lamprey, salmonids, American shad, American eel, Steelhead

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: The development of waterways, for hydropower and other industrial uses, has substantially altered many of the freshwater habitats of the planet and this has had considerable impact upon aquatic organisms. Industrial changes in aquatic ecosystems, including hydropower development, can restrict or delay fish migration, increase predation, affect water quantity and quality, and subject fish to direct damage and stress. This review will focus on the consequences for fish welfare and the progress towards developing the means to pass and protect fish at hydropower dams, at water withdrawal facilities, and in other engineered aquatic environments. It primarily concerns the large mainstem hydropower dams in the Columbia-Snake River Basin in the northwestern United States. Some methods for improving fish passage and protection at hydropower dams involve modifications and additions to engineered structures and occasionally use sensory stimuli such as light, sound, turbulence, or electric fields to influence fish distributions. Measures to improve fish survival, like spilling water at a dam to provide non-turbine passage, can cause other problems for fish, for example higher dissolved gas concentrations downstream. Reducing losses of fish in industrial environments is desirable in both the industrialized world, where many fish-related problems currently exist, and in the developing world, where lessons already learned may make future development more cost-effective and benign.

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Title: Dams and Fish Migration

Authors: Larinier, M

Journal: NA

Year: 2000

DOI: NA

Species or groups: Eels (American eel, New Zealand longfin eel, European eel) , salmonids (Atlantic salmon, Pacific salmon, steelhead), Ilish, Russian sturgeon, Ungeo, Eel-tailed catfish, Brook trout, Shad, Alewives, Blueback herring, Allice shad, Striped bass, Smelt, Brown trout, European grayling, Sea lamprey, Vimba bream, gobies, Ayu, Striped mullet, Barramundi

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: NA

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Title: Effectiveness monitoring of fish passage facilities: Historical trends, geography patterns and future directions

Authors: Roscoe, D.W., & Hinch, S.G.

Journal: Fish and Fisheries

Year: 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00333.x

Species or groups: Salmonids focused but also lamprey, Clupeiformes (herring & anchovy), Cypriniformes (carps, minnows, loaches), Scorpaeniformes, catfish, Characiformes, Osmeriformes (smelts and allies), Perciformes

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: Fishways and other passage facilities frequently prevent or delay the passage of fishes, highlighting the need for effectiveness monitoring. We reviewed the scientific literature from 1960 to 2008 reporting on effectiveness monitoring of fish passage facilities to assess what taxa and life-stages have been studied, the questions that are asked during evaluation, and how these varied over time or by geographic region. We identified 96 peer-reviewed articles of which 68% focused on passage by adult fishes. Salmoniformes was the most studied order (58% of studies). The focus of fishway evaluations did not change over the years, but varied significantly by geographic region. Studies from the tropics had a broader taxonomic scope than studies from temperate locations. Exogenous mechanisms of passage failure, such as environmental, structural and behavioural factors, were studied in 90% of studies from North America but only _x0002_50% of studies from Europe, South America and Australia. Endogenous (i.e. physiological) mechanisms affecting passage success were not often assessed anywhere, though they were a powerful means of evaluating mechanisms of failure. Few studies monitored migration after fish had left a facility. To improve effectiveness monitoring of passage facilities, we suggest that both endogenous and exogenous mechanisms need to be studied in an integrated fashion to understand passage failure and to inform design or operational changes that could improve passage efficiency. In addition post-departure monitoring is required to more completely assess the fitness consequences of passage

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Title: Fish behavior in relation to passage through hydropower turbines: A review.

Authors: Coutant, C.C., & Whitney, R.R.

Journal: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

Year: 2000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0351:FBIRTP>2.0.CO;2

Species or groups: Salmonids (Chinook salmon, steelhead, Coho salmon, Sockeye salmon, Rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon), Smallmouth bass, Walleye, Yellow perch, Black crappie, Alewife, White sucker, Gizzard shad, Striped bass, White catfish, American shad, Blueback herring, Freshwater drum, European perch

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: We evaluated the literature on fish behavior as it relates to passage of fish near or through hydropower turbines. Our goal was to foster compatibility of engineered systems with the normal behavior patterns of fish species and life stages such that passage into turbines and injury in passage are minimized. In particular, we focused on aspects of fish behavior that could be used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of fish trajectories through turbine systems. Salmon smolts approaching dams are generally surface oriented and follow flow. They can be diverted from turbines by spills or bypasses, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Smolts typically become disoriented in dam forebays. Those smolts drawn into turbine intakes orient vertically to the ceilings but are horizontally distributed more evenly, except as they are affected by intake-specific turbulence and vortices. Smolts often enter intakes while oriented with their heads upstream, but they may change orientation in the flow fields of the intake. Nonsalmonids most often enter intakes from the vicinities of shorelines, and they do so episodically, which suggests accidental capture of schools (often of juveniles or in cold water) and little behavioral control during turbine passage. Models of fish trajectories should not assume neutral buoyancy throughout the time period during which a fish passes through a turbine, largely because of pressure effects on swim bladders and the resulting compensatory behavior. Fish use their lateral line system to sense obstacles and to change their orientation, but this sensory-response system may not be effective in the rapid passage times and complex pressure regimes of turbine systems. The effects of preexisting stress levels on fish performance in turbine passage (especially as they affect trajectories) are not known but may be important. There are practical limits of observation and measurement of fish and flows in the proximity of turbines that may inhibit the development of much information that is germane to developing a more fish-friendly turbine. We provide recommendations for CFD modelers of fish passage and for additional research.

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Title: Fish passage design for sustainable hydropower in the temperate Southern Hemisphere: An evidence review

Authors: Wilkes, M.A., Mckenzie, M., & Webb, J.A.

Journal: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries

Year: 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9496-8

Species or groups: Streaked prochilod, common galaxias, common bully, redfin bully, New Zealand longfin eel, short-finned eel, New Zealand smelt, Australian smelt, Topeka skiner, Red shiner, Southern redbelly dace, Iberian chub, European eel, Western brook lamprey, Pacific lamprey, American eel, Sicydium goby, Smallscaled spinycheek sleeper, Banded kokopu, piau–três–pintas

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: The development of hydropower and other infrastructure that disrupts river connectivity poses a serious threat to highly endemic and genetically distinct freshwater fish species in temperate parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Such locations have been neglected in previous reviews on fish passage. Fishways have long been constructed to mitigate the impacts of riverine barriers on fish, yet they have often failed for all but the largest, strongest swimming taxa. This is a particular problem in the temperate south, which is home to native species that are nonrecreational and generally small-bodied with weak swimming abilities (e.g. Galaxiidae) relative to typical target species for fishway design (e.g. Salmonidae). Using the Eco Evidence method for rapid evidence synthesis, we undertook an assessment of evidence for effective fishway design focusing on species representative of the temperate south, including eel and lamprey. Systematic literature searches resulted in 630 publications. Through a rigorous screening process these were reduced to 46 publications containing 76 evidence items across 19 hypotheses relating to design criteria for upstream and downstream passage. We found an overwhelming lack of evidence for effective fishway design in the temperate south. Particular deficiencies were found with regard to the design of effective facilities for downstream passage. The attraction and entrance of upstream migrating fish into fishways is also relatively under-researched. Given the urgent need for effective fishways in the temperate south, these results justify an approach to fishway design based on a combination of empirical data and expert knowledge. In the meantime, significant resources should be assigned to improve the evidence base through high quality research. The particular deficiencies identified here could guide that research agenda.

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Title: Fish passage in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia: Not just an upstream battle

Authors: Baumgartner, L., Zampatti, B., Jones, M., Stuart, I., & Mallen-Cooper, M.

Journal: Ecological Management & Restoration

Year: 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12093

Species or groups: Golden perch, Silver perch, Murray cod, Bony herring, Common carp, Short headed lamprey, Pouched lamprey, Common galaxias, Short-finned eel, trout cod, Flat-headed galaxias, Southern pygmy perch, Two-spined blackfish, Spangled perch, Hyrtl's tandan

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: Construction of instream barriers, preventing fish from accessing spawning, nursery and feeding habitat, is a major issue impacting fisheries sustainability throughout the world. Since European settlement, development in the Murray-Darling Basin for irrigation and potable water supplies has led to the construction of over 10,000 barriers to fish movement. The Native Fish Strategy listed fish passage as a major driving action and was proactive in progressing cost-effective solutions to help inform large-scale rehabilitation programmes. The strategy identified a list of high-priority barriers for mitigation works based on feedback from jurisdictional agencies. Research initiatives were then implemented, with measurable outcomes, to help address key knowledge gaps. Research demonstrated that a project to restore passage to the Murray River main channel was meeting all ecological and engineering objectives. Follow-on work identified low-cost mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of existing fishways without compromising ecological functionality. The Native Fish Strategy was also explicit in addressing fish passage issues at irrigation infrastructure and wetland regulators. Work to minimise these impacts included quantifying the scale of irrigation-associated infrastructure and also optimising screen designs to be retrofitted to pump systems to prevent fish entrainment. Options to enhance lateral movement were also identified. The objective of this study is to summarise the fish passage issues progressed by the Native Fish Strategy to develop basin-wide solutions to enhance fish passage over the long term.

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Title: Review of Existing Research on Fish Passage through Large Dams and its Applicability to Mekong Mainstream Dams

Authors: Schmutz, S., & Mielach, C.

Journal:

Year: 2015

DOI: NA

Species or groups: Siamese mud carp, Small-scale river carp, Black sharkminnow, Striped river barb, Sharp-nosed catfish, Black-spotted catfish, Pelagic river carp, Redtail botia, Henicorhynchus lobatus, Helicophagus leptorhynchus, Banded leporinus, Megaleporinus obtusidens, Streaked prochilod, Dourado, Pike-perch, Spotted sorbium, Biara, Atlantic salmon, Sea trout, European eel, Wels catfish, Atlantic sturgeon, Three-spined stickleback, European catfish, Sander

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: NA

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

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3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
7.1
7.2
7.3
8.1

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

1.1
2.1
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3.2
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Title: Environmental issues, dams and fish migration

Authors: Larinier, M.

Journal: NA

Year: 2001

DOI: NA

Species or groups: Atlantic salmon, Pacific salmon, steelhead, American shad, Allis shad, alewives, Blueback herring, Mahseer, Devil catfish, America eel, New Zealand longfin eel, European eel, Chinook salmon, Ilisha, Russian sturgeon, Beluga sturgeon, Japanese grenadier anchovy, Eel-tailed catfish, Striped bass, Carp, Northern squawfish, suckers, shiner, Whitefish, chub, dace, crappie, catfish, smelt, sea-run Brook trout, sea-run Brown trout, Sea lamprey, Northern pike, European grayling, Vimba bream, Japanese eel, Ayu, gobies, Striped mullet, Freshwater mullet, Barramundi, Pouched lamprey, bullies, Torrentfish, Grey mullet, Black flounder, galaxiids

Other sources of evidence: https://www.conservationevidence.com/actions/2848

Abstract: NA

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

2.1
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.2
6.3
7.1
7.2
7.3
8.1

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

1.1
2.1
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5.1

Freshwater Biodiversity Toolbox

Wildlife Passage – Provision of Passage at Dams and Hydropower Facilities

Lenhart, C.F. (2003)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Katopodis, C. (2005)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Winter, B.D., & Crain, P. (2008)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Pracheil, B.M., DeRolph, C.R., Schramm, M.P., & Bevelhimer, M.S. (2016)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Davies, J.K. (1988)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Bjornn, T.C., & Peery, C.A. (1992)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Baumgartner, L.J., & Wibowow, A. (2018)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Zielinksi, D.P., & Freiburger, C. (2020)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Schilt, C.R. (2007)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Larinier, M (2000)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Roscoe, D.W., & Hinch, S.G. (2010)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Coutant, C.C., & Whitney, R.R. (2000)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Wilkes, M.A., Mckenzie, M., & Webb, J.A. (2018)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Baumgartner, L., Zampatti, B., Jones, M., Stuart, I., & Mallen-Cooper, M. (2014)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Schmutz, S., & Mielach, C. (2015)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

Larinier, M. (2001)

Assessment of reliability and robustness (CEESAT)

Assessment of relevance to Canada (RASCAT)

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